Writing to Friends and Family in French

Writing to Friends and Family in French Writing letters in French can be somewhat tricky because they require particular opening and closing conventions. Following some basic rules of French etiquette and grammar will help you find the correct expressions to use when writing to family, friends, or acquaintances. Following Conventions For personal correspondence, there are two important conventions in French letters: greetings and closings. The expressions you use depend on your relationship with the person you are writing to, particularly whether you know her personally. Also, consider whether to use  tu  or  vous- tu  is the familiar you,  while vous  is the formal greeting for you in French. Remember that these  French expressions do not always translate well into English. These are usable equivalents, rather than literal translations. Following are possible greetings and closings you can use, depending on whether you know the person. Greetings You can use these greetings either by themselves or with the salutation followed by the persons name. The greeting in French is listed on the left, while the English translation is on the right. French greetings can be particularly tricky. For example, the French title  Mademoiselle- literally my young lady- has long been used to distinguish between women, whether due to their age or marital status. Shopkeepers and bank clerks always greet female customers with a  polite  Bonjour, Mademoiselle  or  Bonjour, Madame. But in a letter, you have to assess  the womans age in order to choose the correct term, and that can prove challenging. You Do Not Know the Person​ MonsieurMonsieur xxx SirMr. xxx MadameMadame xxx Mrs. xxx MademoiselleMademoiselle xxx MissMiss xxx Messieurs Sirs You Do Know the Person​ Cher MonsieurCher Monsieur xxx Dear SirDear Mr. xxx Chre MadameChre Madame xxx Dear Mrs. xxx Chre MademoiselleChre Mademoiselle xxx Dear MissDear Miss xxx Chers amis Dear friends Chers Luc et Anne Dear Luc and Anne Chers grandsparents Dear Grandparents Mon cher Paul My dear Paul Mes chers amis My dear friends Ma trs chre Lise My dearest Lise Closings Closings in French letters can also be tricky, even in personal missives. To help you craft your closing correctly, the following chart uses the same conventions as the previous one: The closing is listed in French on the left, while the translation is on the right. To an Acquaintance​ Je vous envoie mes bien amicales penses Best wishes Recevez, je vous prie, mes meilleures amitis Yours sincerely Je vous adresse mon trs amical souvenir Kindest regards   To a FriendCordialement ( vous)Sincerely (yours)Votre ami dà ©vouà ©(e)Your devoted friendChaleureusementWith warm regardsBien  amicalementIn friendshipAmitià ©sBest wishes, Your friendBien des choses tousBest wishes to allBien vous, Bien toiBest wishes bientà ´t!See you soon!Je tembrasseLove / With loveBons  baisersLots of loveBises!Hugs and kissesGrosses bises!Lots of hugs and kisses Considerations These latter expressions- such as Bons  baisers  (Lots of love) and Bises! (Hugs and kisses)- might seem too informal in English. But, such closings are not necessarily romantic in French; you can use them with friends of the same or opposite sex.

Learning Object Oriented Programming With Delphi

Learning Object Oriented Programming With Delphi Online Delphi OOP Course submitted by John Barrow Part 1 Introduction to OO basics Chapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3 Part 2 Introduction to class inheritance Chapter 4Chapter 5 Part 3 Programmer defined classes and objects Chapter 6Chapter 7 Part 4 Accessing an object and its data Chapter 8Chapter 9Chapter 10 Part 5 The Sender parameter and substitution Chapter 11 Part 6 Introducing type inheritance Chapter 12Chapter 13Chapter 14 Part 7 Using and abusing inheritance Chapter 15Chapter 16 Part 8 Indirection Chapter 17Chapter 18 Part 9 Association Composition Chapter 19 Chapter 20Chapter 21 Part 10 Two Patterns Using Composition Chapter 22Chapter 23 Part 11 Some Patterns for varying behaviour Chapter 24 Part 12 Bidirectional links, Callbacks and Linking Classes Chapter 25 Part 13 Factory Patterns Chapter 26 Part 14 A Decorator Chapter 27

Six Flags Magic Mountain Theme Park Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Six Flags Magic Mountain Theme Park - Essay Example It is thus about how she manages to handle her life despite deciding to have the baby, and the kind of impact the situation has on her maturity and lifestyle. The movie has gained worldwide recognition due to it being able to address a large audience on a global scale that has been able to relate with every aspect of it. Juno has a very basic story line as well as concept attached to the tale; it is about a young girl trying to explore the nooks and crannies of intimacy and relationships without understanding the implications that might arise along with the same. The film has been directed in a very concise manner making use of pencil stylized ‘rotoscoped’ images right from the credits in the beginning, making use of animation in order to help the audience understand the maturity level of the girl and the kind of colourful life that she always wanted to live for herself. The film helps teenagers to explore the kind of curiosity that reigns within them, and how the same s hould be understood not by simply jumping in and trying things out with friends, but by reading about things and comprehending the facts about life from one’s parents first. It helps children and young adults to understand how friends might not be the best option when it comes to understanding such information about pregnancy and intercourse. These aspects of life are crucial to one’s existence and they must be understood well by every individual so that he is able to make his own decisions without falling into trouble or having unplanned circumstances crop up in his life. (Sciretta, Peter) Thus, the film achieved mass appeal because of the story telling as well as how the girl managed to learn her lesson without panicking much about the situation. The various characters within the movie have been portrayed in a very interesting manner. The director has taken his time to choose the main protagonists and provide them with a different twist. Juno is a young teenage girl who comes off a little strong on the first meeting with everyone. Full of sarcasm, she helps to put an indie spin on the movie and gives a very intense performance with her dominating nature and need to control everything that might not even be in her reach. However, she understands where she went wrong by getting pregnant but decides to bring about a change in a couple’s life with the help of her baby who she is willing to give up in order to make someone else happy. The film has been divided into various chapters, giving the film a very succinct outline. The one thing that sets this movie apart is the idea of Juno trying not to become a victim of the situation she was thrust into, and rather treat the predicament as a stepping stone and move ahead in life, having learned a lesson. Juno’s bedroom as well was a very cleverly designed set as it helped to appeal to the minds of most young teenagers, showing how most young people keep their rooms; messy as well as clean e nough to find things around. Posters helped to indicate the girl’s interests to the sub conscious mind of the audience as objects like her famous ‘hamburger phone’ helped to show hoe different and varied her interests were and that she was just another ‘random’ teenager trying to find her way through life. The rooms of Paulie as well as Juno’s friend Leah have also been designed well, depicting what other teenagers like; Leah’s room being covered with posters of older men trying to signify her level of maturity when it comes to accepting love and Paulie’s looked neat with his mother bumping in several scenes showing how she might be the reason behind his cleanliness, like most teenage boys these days. Most of the

Childhood model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Childhood model - Essay Example Obese children should learn from healthy children through observation. In addition, they should be encouraged to adapt the requisite behaviors. Lastly, they should believe in their ability to change. Social cognitive theory came about because of the work conducted in the field of social learning theory advocated by Miller and Dollard in 1941. The theory has been applied in marketing where celebrities are used to introduce a product to a given demographic. A good example is the use of Drogba as the brand ambassador for Samsung in Africa. Students who perform well are rewarded with presents at the end of the academic year while those who exhibit good behavior are rewarded with leadership positions. The influence of the media is associated with social cognitive theory. People embrace behavior that is rewarded and shun what is punished (Ross, Lepper and Ward, 2010). Social cognitive theories are applied in the training of nurses and in their day-to-day responsibilities. Self-efficacy highlights an individual’s confidence in his or her ability to perform and master tasks. A student with a higher self-efficacy handles the Foley catheter with relative ease while one with a low self-efficacy would struggle handling

Dear Board of Directors Essay Example for Free

Dear Board of Directors Essay Upon implementing a Broad Differentiation strategy, Andrews Company desired to have highly demanded products in each of the market segments, hold the majority market share compared to our competitors and increase the value of our firm by the year 2021. We believed that this strategy could get us to that point and we have successfully done so. The start up of Andrews Company proved to be more difficult than anticipated due to high costs in marketing and RD, investing in automation of sensors and due to our decision to take out most of our loans in the early stages of our product, leading to negative profits for the first two years. However, Broad Differentiation lucratively brought Andrews market share up to 30.93% outweighing the competition (Exhibit 1). Andrews Company will continue to implement this strategy with the goal to hold high demand, continue cutting costs with total quality management initiatives and by reevaluating our capacity and production issues, which will be discussed throughout the course of our analysis. Research and Development Proper allocation of funds towards research and development proved to be of high importance, allowing customers to have access to better-quality products. Andrews Company effectively adjusted each product to their proper ideal spot on the perceptual map by using the segment centers and ideal spot offsets annually. This allowed Andrews to gain optimal market demand, leading to us being able to charge a higher price than competitors later on, thus obtain higher profit among other initiatives. Our high demand was essential in offsetting the costs associated with investing in marketing and promotional budgets, buy/sell capacity and automation of products. Marketing By investing insistently in promo and sales in all the market segments, we were able to increase accessibility and market demand. It was Andrews’s goal to have our products be in the minds of customers of all types and charge a premium for our excellent designs. Another advantage Andrews had over our competitors was that we forecasted at our potential market share, rather than our actual, based on the presumption our customers will be loyal to our brand and we would continue to invest in marketing expenditures. Once we feel comfortable that we hold enough market share, we can then start to cut costs in this department. Finances Monitoring spending and Andrews finances was perhaps the most vital part of our success. In the earlier years of our company we took out large quantities of long-term debt to help finance investment in automation and lowering the cost of producing sensors. Each year Andrews experienced a steep increase in sales, while variable costs gradually increased (Exhibit 2). The extra debt we took out early on we believe to have assisted with the dramatic increase in profits each year (Exhibit 3). One thing Andrews could have done to also assist with the increase in profits was to issue stock, which would have helped raise more capital to invest in capacity capabilities. However, we felt that issuing stock would have diluted the price. We successfully raised our stock price to $281.95 by the end of 2021 (Exhibit 4). A 723% increase from the start of 2014. Production A barrier for further success of Andrews Company was production versus capacity. While production was upwards of 18,000+, capacity only resulted in roughly 11,000. Each year we gradually invested more and more in automation and capacity due to our rising profits, which allowed us to improve our margins (Exhibit 5). We should have properly invested in capacity in the earlier rounds to help bridge the gap between capacity and production. However, Andrews’s strategy was to focus on correctly adjusting our products on the perceptual map to their ideal spots and we planned to never invest so much so that this could not happen. TQM and Human Resources In 2017, Andrews met labor demands and we paid our employees a higher rate than competitors. This tactic was able to put some of the other employees in competitive firms to go on strike for several days, resulting in a higher market share and a better reputation among customers and potential employees. Andrews also spent money each year on training employees for a maximum of 80 hour and recruiting spend of about $4.5 million each year, increasing our productivity index to 129.9% by the end of 2021. At the beginning of 2016, Andrews made an executive decision to invest in total quality management. Of a budget of $4 million, we allotted $1.5 million in 2016 and 2017, then another $600 thousand in 2018. After this amount was spent, we would have seen diminishing returns and opted to cap out at $3.6 million. The substantial investment allowed us to reduce labor and material costs, while increasing demand, thus allowing us to steadily increase profits each year, especially during this three-year span when competitors did not spend enough in TQM. The Future of Andrews Andrews Company will continue to use its method of broad differentiation in the upcoming years and plans to issue stock in order to help with investing in capacity issues that we’ve had in the past. We will continue to spend on marketing, research and development and compensating our employees adequately in order to keep our high market share. Distinguishing our products will continue to be of the utmost importance, offering clientele a superior design. Appendix

Joseph Stalin Essay -- Joseph Stalin bio Biography Essays

â€Å"The man who turned the Soviet Union from a backward country into a world superpower at unimaginable human cost (Joseph Stalin).† â€Å"Stalin was born into a dysfunctional family in a poor village in Georgia (Joseph Stalin).† Permanently scarred from a childhood bout with smallpox and having a mildly deformed arm, Stalin always felt unfairly treated by life, and thus developed a strong, romanticized desire for greatness and respect, combined with a shrewd streak of calculating cold-heartedness towards those who had maligned him. â€Å"He always felt a sense of inferiority before educated intellectuals, and particularly distrusted them (Joseph Stalin).† Sent by his mother to the seminary in Tiflis (now Tbilisi), the capital of Georgia, to study to become a priest, the young Stalin never completed his education, and was instead soon completely drawn into the city's active revolutionary circles. â€Å"Never a fiery intellectual polemicist or orator like Lenin or Trotsky, Stalin specialized in the humdrum nuts and bolts of revolutionary activity. Risking arrest every day by helping organize workers, distributing illegal literature, and robbing trains to support the cause, while Lenin and his bookish friends lived safely abroad and wrote clever articles about the plight of the Russian working class (Lenin & Stalin).† â€Å" Although Lenin found Stalin's boorishness offensive at times, he valued his loyalty, and appointed him after the Revolution to various low-priority leadership positions in the new Soviet government(Lenin & Stalin).† In 1922, Stalin was appointed to another such post, as General Secretary of the Communist Party's Central Committee. â€Å"Stalin understood that "cadres are everything": if you control the personnel, you control the organization. He shrewdly used his new position to consolidate power in exactly this way--by controlling all appointments, setting agendas, and moving around Party staff in such a way that eventually everyone who counted for anything owed their position to him(Stalin Biography).† By the time the Party's intellectual core realized what had happened, it was too late--Stalin had his people in place. While Lenin, the only person with the moral authority to challenge him, was on his deathbed and incapable of speech after a series of strokes, and besides, Stalin even controlled who had access to the leader. The General Secretary of the ... .... â€Å"This ambitious plan brought hardship and met resistance as he purged the kulaks (wealthy peasant farmers) (Stalin: The Man and His Era).† This was followed in 1932 by the second, equally ambitious Five-Year Plan. In 1936, Stalin developed a new Soviet constitution, which was seen as a democratic document. â€Å"However, the following elections were marred by purge trials from 1934 to 1938 in which Stalin systematically eliminated his opposition(Stalin: The Man and His Era).† Stalin further hurt his international image when he signed a nonaggression pact with Adolf Hitler in 1939. The Nazi leader soon broke this agreement and invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. â€Å"In Allied negotiations after the war, Stalin succeeded in obtaining control of half of Europe, and the following year the Iron Curtain descended over the Soviet Union and its "satellites" in Eastern Europe as Stalin consolidated his gains (Joseph Stalin).† This began the cold war, which continued throughout Stalin's rule. He died in Moscow in 1953 and was entombed in Red Square alongside Lenin. â€Å"However, his character was later attacked by Nikita Khrushchev and his body removed from the Lenin mausoleum (Stalin Biography)†.

Managing Resources Essay

The learning resource I have chosen is actually also used as an ice breaker for a lesson and then used to build on students communication, reading and understanding skills. The task is used to put students under a time constraint to complete a task of ready and answering simple and possibly trick questions in a short time frame. This resource is not used in a way to trick students but used to then get them to reflect on their ready and interpretation of a question. For example, the first part of the document tell them what they must do and this also asks them to use the space before the number to write their answers. Many students do not do this and proceed to write their answers at the end of the question. When a student is under stress, they may be able to learn skills in much less than the â€Å"usual† time. This is the theory also used in military basic training. It is known as ‘Quick Learning Under Pressure’, it reduces the time it takes to learn a skill through study. This theory has been interpreted under many different ways and Ann Dupuis suggests that under pressure students will gain new skills without taking time to study. Her theory goes onto describe how a Physician caught on a battlefield will under pressure help other people and learn surgery to assist other. I feel this adapts itself to my resource. Many students do not know how to adapt their skills under a timed period such as an exam and placing them under pressure for a short period of 5 minutes will get them later to reflect on their actions. This learning resource however may not be suitable to all students and it is not always used where I am aware of slow reader or maybe people who suffer with dyslexia. The choice to use this is based upon group dynamics and ability. When I thought of designing this resource I took into account how learners who complete this task can reflect on each question and question other peer group member answers. This then is reflected within Kolb’s idea on the learning cycle. Kolb works on a four stage cycle of Concrete Experience, Reflective observation, Abstract Conceptualization and Active Experiment. The experience side of things is the student actual having to complete the task. The reflective observation is covered by completed a group review of the answers. So at the end of the 5 minutes I will lead the students through the questions and statement finding out the students answers and getting them to reflect both personally and as a group on what they had originally written. Now they are reflecting are they changing their mind about the answers? Do they see their initial error when reading the question? The 3rd stage Abstract Conceptualization is then covered by the students looking at the task and ideas or concepts of others around them. The other student interpretation of the questions. The student will then process this information and is able to make a more informed decision. Final the Active Experiment part. 9/10 students want a copy to take a way and try on friends and family so they can put their new skills or understanding into practise of others. This theory is adapted from Kolbs 2006 theory which he updated added extra reasoning behind the 4 main stages. The learning resource once we have gone through the answers can now have the idea and new acquired skills in practising exam questions or exam papers under timed conditions. It also teaches the students not to read something once and immediately think the understand what is being asked of them. When I am moving on from this learning resources onto practise exams I am conscience of the different learning styles I have in the room. I have to ask myself what type of learning styles I have in the room. Do I have the reflector, the theorist, the activist or the pragmatist? The understanding behind this is designed by Honey & Mumford. They came up with these 4 titles. Reflectors like to stand back and look at a situation from different perspectives. They like to collect data and think about it carefully before coming to any conclusions. They enjoy observing others and will listen to their views before offering their own. Theorists adapt and integrate observations into complex and logically sound theories. They think problems through in a step by step way. They tend to be perfectionists who like to fit things into a rational scheme. They tend to be detached and analytical rather than subjective or emotive in their thinking. Activists like to be involved in new experiences. They are open minded and enthusiastic about new ideas but get bored with implementation. They enjoy doing things and tend to act first and consider the implications afterwards. They like working with others but tend to hog the limelight. And finally; Pragmatists are keen to try things out. They want concepts that can be applied to their job. They tend to be impatient with lengthy discussions and are practical and down to earth. The one good thing about this resource is as long as I have it on paper to hand out (good planning) I don’t need any other resource or technology. I have used this learning resource as a back up lesson in the past when either our computer systems have gone down, or I have arrived at a venue that does not have ICT facilities of some way of showing resources on a smart board or projector. This learning resource is shared out so widely. As mentioned earlier many students ask for a copy to take away with them so I ensure I always have spares to hand to give out and share the experience. Even if it is just for fun.! The main learning outcomes are to show the students that they need to read the question carefully, even if under pressure. To look out for trick questions or two part questions. And finally extracting the information out of the question that is not relevant to exactly what is being asked of them. In relation to legal requirements, this learning resources has been adapted from a many similar styles. I have used a number of my own questions, however I have added questions I have seen elsewhere and this includes from magazine riddles for fun and other websites. This resource has been changed several times and questions replaced with what I felt where better one to get the students thinking more. This then I believe fall under my Intellectual property right. This is the ownership of ideas or work. Copyright is different as copyrighted material means information created by someone else and a you are not allowed to copy it without the owner permission which may incur costs. An easy understanding of this would be music. If I brought a cd from a store and copied it onto a blank disc and then sold it I would be breaking copy right laws as I am selling something someone else owns. This is the same with learning materials.

Chromatography of Plant Pigments

CHROMATOGRAPHY OF PLANT PIGMENTS Marquez, Ma. Rica Paulene, Moises, Patrisha Kate, Policarpio, Jairus Paolo, Rolda, Zylene Joy Department of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Baguio April 23, 2013 ABSTRACT The objective of this experiment was to apply the technique of paper chromatography as a method for separating individual plant pigments contained in plant tissue extracts containing pigment blends. The process of chromatography separates molecules because of the different solubilities of the molecules in a selected solvent.In paper chromatography, paper marked with an unknown, such as plant extract, is placed in a beaker covered with a foil containing a specified solvents. The solvent carried the dissolved pigments as it moved up the paper. The pigments were carried at different rates because they were not equally soluble. The most soluble pigment traveled the longest distance while the others traveled in a shorter length. The distance of the pigment trave led was unique for that pigment in set conditions and was used to identify the pigment.The ratio was then used to measure the Rf (retention factor) value. | INTRODUCTION As primary producers in the food chain with some bacteria and algae, plants produce their own food by using the sun’s energy to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose. In this process of photosynthesis, plants convert the sun’s energy into chemical energy that is stored in the bonds of the glucose molecule. Glucose is a simple carbohydrate that provides immediate fuel to cells but it is also a building block for more complex carbohydrates stored by living organisms for future use.For photosynthesis to transform light energy from the sun into chemical energy (bond energy) in plants, the pigment molecules absorb light to power the chemical reactions. Plant pigments are macromolecules produced by the plant, and these pigments absorb specified wavelengths of visible light to provide the energy req uired for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis, but accessory pigments collect and transfer energy to chlorophyll. Although pigments absorb light, the wavelengths of light that are not absorbed by the plant pigments are reflected back to the eye.The reflected wavelengths are the colors we see in observing the plant. Plants contain different pigments, and some of the pigments observed include: ? chlorophylls (greens) ? carotenoids (yellow, orange red) ? anthocyanins (red to blue, depending on pH) ? betalains (red or yellow) (Plant Traveling Lab. TTU/HHMI at CISER. 2010) As you may know from the popular media, there is currently a substantial research effort in place to explore the potential health benefits of plant pigments to humans. In popular literature, these plant-based compounds are often collectively referred to as â€Å"phytochemicals†; most are also pigments.Flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids are just some of the categories of plant pigme nts known to have antioxidant properties. â€Å"Antioxidant† is a general term used to describe any substance that has the ability to neutralize â€Å"free radicals† which cause cellular damage by removing electrons from surrounding molecules. Many lines of research suggest that consuming a diet rich in plant pigments may slow the process of cellular aging and reduce the risks of some types of disease, such as cancer, heart disease, and stroke.The point of this experiment is to look at the polarity of some of the common pigments in plant leaves and how that polarity affects their interactions with the cellulose fibers in paper and a few solvents and to apply the technique of paper chromatography as a method for separating individual plant pigments contained in plant tissue extracts containing pigment blends. (https://www. msu. edu) RESULT Table 1 shows the Rf values of Kangkong (Ipomoea aquatic), Bloodleaf (Iresine herbstii), and Golden bush (Duranta repens) plant| Rf value| | 50% acetone50% pet. ther| 40% acetone, 10% isopropanol, 50% pet. ether| 40% acetone, 10% pet. ether, 50% isopropanol| 30% acetone70% pet. ether| 30% pet. ether 70% acetone| Kangkong| Yellow: 0. 5Brown: 0. 01| Yellow: 0. 33Brown: 0. 23| Yellow: 0. 79Brown: 0. 08| Yellow: 0. 04Brown: 0. 96| Yellow: 0. 31Brown: 0. 76| Bloodleaf (purple leaf)| Purple:0. 05Green:0. 11Yellow:0. 11| Purple:0. 06Green:0. 13| Purple:0. 13Green:0. 58| Purple:0. 03Green:0. 58Yellow:0. 38| Purple:0. 097Green:0. 86| Golden bush| Green:0. 5Brown:0. 5| Green:0. 47Brown:0. 09| Green:0. 6Brown:0. 067| Green:0. 3Brown:0. 96| Green:0. 094Brown:0. 96| DISCUSSION The extracts of kangkong, golden bush, and purple leaves were applied to a horizontal line about ? of an inch from the bottom of a filter paper using a capillary tube. The filter paper then was soaked one by one on a beaker with a mixture of 40% acetone, 10% petroleum ether and 50% isopropanol. These solvents are used because they are capable of separa ting mixtures that contain both polar and non-polar compounds, or to increase separation of mixtures of compounds that have similar behavior with a single solvent.The beaker was covered with aluminum foil to make sure that the atmosphere in the beaker is saturated with the solvent’s vapor. Saturating the atmosphere in the beaker with the solvent’s vapor stops the solvent from evaporating as it rises up the filter paper. As the solvent slowly travels up the paper, the different components of the extract travel at different rates and the extracts are separated into different colors. After 3-5 minutes, the distance traveled by each pigment and solvent were measured. Plants extracted| Color/ Pigment| Rf values| Kangkong| Yellow (solvent)| 0. 9 mm| | Brown (solute)| 0. 08 mm| Purple leaves| Green (solvent)| 0. 58 mm| | Purple (solute)| 0. 13 mm| Golden bush| Green (solvent)| 0. 6 mm| | Brown (solute)| 0. 067 mm| Table 1: Pigments and Rf values for each plant extract The dis tance traveled relative to the solvent is called the Rf value, or the Retardation value. It can be computed with the formula: Rf = distance travelled by the solute Distance travelled by solvent We had the following computations: A. For Kangkong: Rf= 0. 08 mm 0. 79 mm = 0. 1012 B. For purple leaves: Rf= 0. 13 mm 0. 58 mm = 0. 241 C. For Golden bush: Rf= 0. 067 mm 0. 6 mm = 0. 1117 These values imply that the larger Rf value a compound has, the larger the distance it travels. It also means that it is less polar because it interacts less strongly with the polar absorbent on the filter paper. So similarly, the smaller the Rf value a compound has, the shorter the distance it travelled. It also means that is is more polar because it interacts more strongly with the polar absorbent on the filter paper. Comparing to the other groups’ results, there were similar colors that sprung up.The distances travelled by the pigments were significantly different than ours because they used diffe rent percentages of solvents. CONCLUSION Paper chromatography proved to be an accurate method of separating and observing the various colors of plant pigments. The pigments dissolved in the solvent and migrated upward. The colors were observed and their migration distances measured & recorded. The  Rf  value  of each pigment was determined by dividing its migration by the migration of the solvent. We have always understood chlorophyll, a pigment that is very important in photosynthesis, to be green.However, through this experiment we have discovered that many other pigments are also present in the leaves. For example the kangkong leaf also contains different pigments even though the leaf is dominated by the color green. We have observed that the kangkong leaf not only carries a green pigment, but that it also carries yellow and brown pigment through the chromatography LITERATURE CITED * Mcmurry, John. 2010. Foundations of Organic Chemistry. Pasig City, Philippines: Cengage Lea rning Asia Pte Ltd. * Thompson, R. 2008. Illustrated guide to Home Chemistry experiments. Canada: O’ Reilly media.Page 109 * Clark, J. 2007. http://chemguide. co. uk/analysis/chromatography/paper. html. Retrieved April 22, 2013 * Unknown. PlantTravelingLab. TTU/HHMI at CISER. 2010 . http://www. ciser. ttu. edu. * 2010. 04-20-13. * Unknown. separation of pigments by paper chromatography. http://www. hsu. edu/pictures. aspx? id=1653, n/a. 04-20-13 * Unknown. plant pigment analysis. https://www. msu. edu. n/a. 04-20-13 * http://apnewtechbiology. wordpress. com/lab-6-plant-pigments/ * http://www. biologyjunction. com/chromatography_of_simulated_plan. htm ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

Sociology ia unit Essays

Sociology ia unit Essays Sociology ia unit Essay Sociology ia unit Essay Statement of Problem 61 Page Suicide is becoming a growing issue in Jamaica and the Caribbean due to social forces arising. This research seeks to investigate and observe the factors that contribute to the prevalence of suicide within SST. Ann. Aims and Objectives This research attempts to determine: The causes and effects of suicide. X/ The extent to which suicidal tendencies result in suicide. V Suggestions to aid in lowering the suicide rates. Key terms ;Self-destruction : the act of destroying oneself *Suicidal: anything pertaining to suicide. Tendencies: an inclination or predisposition to something Psychological resilience: is defined as an individuals ability to properly adapt to stress and adversity. Literature Review As society becomes more modernized the rates of suicide significantly increased. Due to this, sociologists and researchers have conducted investigations to find out the factors that contribute to the increase in suicidal tendencies, the effects and also some the ories to explain the different types Of 71 Page suicide. According to the oxford dictionary , suicide is the intentional killing of oneself. In conducting this research for this literature review, information was extracted from numerous articles, books and internet sources in order to obtain suitable and valid data to support the study. It is the purview of psychologist and sociologist to study the factors that cause suicidal tendencies. Emilee Druthers is one such sociologist who had done extensive research on this topic in his auspicious book entitled suicide (1897) where he argues that, suicide is influenced by two social facts which are integration and regulation (see appendix). A suitable example of this is taken from a web based article entitled suicide, a silent plea To summarize this article, 16 year old girl, Francesca, ascribes her experiences at high school where her failure to fit in had result in an attempt to take her own life. Druthers farther explains that they are 4 different types of suicide: Altruistic, Anomic, Egoistic and Fatalistic suicide . (For more info see appendix) Studies have shown that suicide is more common between the ages Of 1 6 to 34 years old and are more frequent in males. From a web based source entitled the epidemiology of suicide in Jamaica 2002-2010: rates and patterns statistically state that, suicide rates for males were significantly higher than those for females. The majority (90. 4%) of suicide cases were males. A trend for higher rates of suicide was generally noted in the younger age groups. The main reason for this, according to the Office of the Childrens Advocate is the lack of adequate parenting. The family unit plays a key role in all societies since it serves to socialize the young members into the norms and values of the society. Without performing this function youths tend to turn to society (integration) to provide that function, which is not always a good means. (Described in the case of Francesca). Most recently, a new theory was devised by an American psychologist, Thomas Joiner, posted on a wed based article why people attempt suicide (2010) which 81 page argues that fearlessness towards pain may be learnt over time, which could explain the strong association between self-harming behavior and suicide! . This could also explain why suicide rates are higher among men than women. Conclusively, suicidal tendencies are detected by people who face mental and physical challenges which arise as society becomes more modernized. A study at the University of the West Indies have indicated that Jamaica has one of the lowest suicide rates in the world due to the fact that they believe one would not make it to heaven if they should commit suicide. This literature review seeks to farther explain my findings and is tangential and similar to my topic of investigation in that it pinpoints some factors that are linked to the increase in suicide. This research project WOUld add to the existing literature, since no empirical research has been conducted on the prevalence of suicide in Jamaica. 91 page 101 page Research Design This research will be done qualitatively, even thought it had followed the functionalist perspective (which looks at society as a whole), because the topic of suicide was very personal and it required direct primary sources of information in order to collect in-depth subjective data the research method used was an interview. The advantage of using this method is that I was able to detect lies or inconsistencies in the interviews accounts by observing their facial expression or body language, information could easily be clarified and here is no significant time delay between question and answer; the interviewer and interviewee can directly react on what the other says or does. In this study the researcher had also utilized a non-probability technique, the snowballing technique, in which I asked each respondent to Suggest another potential exponent. The reason choose to use this technique because it was possible to include members of groups where no lists or identifiable clusters even exist (e. G. , drug abusers, criminals) and also because I did not have to spend time and money trying to find another sample subject; rather they were being brought to me. 11 | Page Sociological Perspective Similar to the research Emilee Druthers carried out in his literary work Us iced (1 897), this research was guided though a functionalist perspective. The functional perspective depicts society as a complex system with many institutions that works together to promote stability such as the anatomy of the human body and its organs. By using the functionalist perspective it was easier to explain the factors of society that contribute to an individuals behavior and the institutions that play a significant role of colonization seeing that without them negative social phenomenon may arise and due to lack of knowledge o how to counteract these phenomena this leads to the self-destruction of the individual. 21 page Sample For this research, twenty (20) interviews were conducted, each from the parish of SST. Ann but also from different areas. This was done so that each sample unit response would vary as they all are encapsulated in different environments. The sample consisted of ten (10) males and ten (10) females which was a 1:1 ratio. Of the ;.NET (20) samples, seventeen (17) were subject to suicidal tendencies and only three (3) were not . The ages of these respondents range from 15-27 years. These 1 7 samples were selected because they have had experience of the topic being researched and the 3 Other samples were selected to serve as a contrast to illustrate how individuals surpassed suicidal tendencies. 131 page Data collection Instrument To see the instruments used to carry out this research please see the appendix. The data collection method the researcher will utilize is an unstructured interview. It will consist of 9 relevant questions for the individuals who have had suicidal tendencies and only 2 questions for those who never had suicidal tendencies. In shows a pie chart of the different methods the samples thought of using to take their lives. Hanging was the most preferred method, as they thought that it would be quick and somewhat pain less, it held a percentage of 35%, 25% o the sample stated they would shoot themselves, 20% said cutting, 15% preferred drug overdose and the least preferred Was jumping from a building, at 5%. A pattern can be observed that all the samples that stated jumping as a method were also the same samples would state that they would commit suicide in order to get attention.

Understanding Specially Designed Instruction

Understanding Specially Designed Instruction The Specially Designed Instruction (SDI) section of the Individual Education Plan (IEP) is one of the most important parts of this important document. The special education teacher, along with the IEP team, determines what accommodations and modifications the student will be receiving. As a legal document, the IEP not only binds the special educator but the whole school population, as every member of the community must deal with this child. Extended test time, frequent bathroom breaks, whatever SDIs are written into the IEP must be provided by the principal, the librarian, the gym teacher, the lunchroom monitor, and the general education teacher, as well as the special education teacher. Failure to provide those accommodations and modifications can create serious legal jeopardy for the members of the school community who ignore them. What Are SDIs? SDIs fall into two categories: accommodations and modifications. Some people use the terms interchangeably, but legally they are not the same. Children with 504 plans will have accommodations but not modifications in their plans. Children with IEPs can have both. Accommodations are changes in the way in which the child is treated in order to best accommodate the childs physical, cognitive, or emotional challenges. They might include: Extended time for tests (the standard is one and a half times as long as allowed, but in most general education classrooms unlimited time is not uncommon)Frequent test breaksThe ability to move around the classroom (especially kids with ADHD)Bathroom breaks when neededSpecial seating (for example, in front of the class or separated from peers)A water bottle at the students desk (some medications create dry mouth) Modifications change the academic or curricular demands made of a child to better fit the childs ability. Modifications might include the following: Modified homework10 words or less on spelling testsScribing (the teacher or an aide writes the responses, as dictated by a child)Separate, modified tests in content areasAlternate forms of assessment, such as dictating, oral retelling, and portfolios Individual Education Plan Its good to have a conversation with other teachers as you are preparing the IEP, especially if you need to prepare that teacher to deal with Accommodations they are not going to like (such as bathroom breaks without requests). Some children have medications that make them need to urinate frequently. Once an IEP is signed, and the IEP meeting is over, be sure every teacher who sees the child gets a copy of the IEP. It is also important that you go over the Specially Designed Instructions and discuss how they are going to be carried out. This is one place a general educator can cause him or herself some serious grief with parents. This is also a place where that same teacher can earn the trust and support of those parents.

Organisational Direction on Coca-Cola Company Essay

Organisational Direction on Coca-Cola Company - Essay Example The study analysed strategic position of the company and discussed several challenges facing Coca-Cola Company. A range of alternative strategic options which meets strategic aims and objectives are also discussed in this paper. Coca-Cola Company is one of the largest producers of non-alcoholic beverages company in the world. It specializes in manufacturing different varieties of soft drinks used all over the world. It started its operations in Georgia, United States of America in 1886 and has grown into a multinational corporation with more than 200 countries in which it operates in. Opening up and operation of this several branches has enabled it satisfy their customers and globalize its market. It is a public company owned by several shareholders and is rated as one of the best company in stock exchange market. The company is majorly designed to produce several concentrates, syrup and beverage bases from its main branch. The manufactured concentrates are then distributed all over the world to more than three hundred bottling partners. The bottling partners are responsible for producing a wide range of Coca-Cola products and distributing them to the final consumers. The main Coca-Cola Company therefore remains to enjoy the name of the brand and it is liable to any problem arising from use of its products. It remains to be the largest and leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor of non-alcoholic beverages up-to-date. ... The bottling partners are responsible for producing a wide range of Coca-Cola products and distributing them to the final consumers. The main Coca-Cola Company therefore remains to enjoy the name of the brand and it is liable to any problem arising from use of its products. It remains to be the largest and leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor of non-alcoholic beverages up-to-date. Coca-Cola Company has managed to employ over thirty thousand people around the world and greatly involves itself in corporate social responsibilities. They now boast to be the world best soft drink providers since their drink brands have become the world favourite soft drink. Its potential competitors include: Pepsi Company having twenty one percent of the global market, Cadbury Schweppes Company with eight percent while coca cola itself dominates with forty seven percent of the world soft drink market. The rest of percentage is shared among other small soft drink companies which are not a major t hreat to the company. They include; Cott and AmBev in Latin America. The company has indicated that for it to remain a global soft drink provider it needs to stay local and satisfy tastes and preferences of its customers. 3.0 Strategic aims Every organization has aims that it intends to see through during its operation. Coca cola company has several aims for conducting its business and this includes; inspiring moments of optimism through their brands and their various planned actions, creating value for their customers in different parts of the world by offering quality standardized products, making a difference from all refreshment brands offered and corporate social responsibilities that they get

Letter discussing favorite person in history Essay

Letter discussing favorite person in history - Essay Example Consequently, he warned that he was going to retaliate to violence with the appropriate force meant to instill permanent solution. His resolution prompted him to lead the end of servitude US, which was on 16Th April 1862. This expanded and implemented the policies of what most Americans currently see as their core national values in terms of liberty and equality. On April 12, 1861 at 4.30 a.m., there was commencement of civil war begun. This began after Gen. Pierre Beauregard opened fire in S. Carolina, specifically at the Charleston harbour on Fort Sumter. This bombardment persisted for approximately over 30 hours but ended with the giving in of the Fort by Robert Anderson. This led to the loosing of stars and stripes, whereas stars and bars triumphed. On April 15th, Lincoln called for over 70,000 people out of their wish join and serve in the military for ninety days with the intention of retaliating Southern challenge. Consequently, this led to the assertion of Emancipation by Lincoln in September 1862, which was after the Union Army at Battle of Antietam defeated the Confederates. He warned if by January 1, 1863 the bombardment had not came an ended, this would adversely affect Emancipation meant to be granted to Union whose intention encompassed halting servitude in all defiant states. Lincoln deemed the only way to settle it was by using appropriate and equal force. In the following weeks, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina, states then having many people in the southern region joined the Confederacy after pulling out from the Union. Since Lincoln was the commander in chief, he was responsible for how the war was going to be conducted. The union was saved by Lincoln’s strong presidency. His presiding over the American Civil War, established the nation as one and indivisible On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation. This was move meant to emancipate slaves that provided the most convincing illustration of